Lake Volta, the largest artificial reservoir in the world based on surface area, is contained behind the Akosombo Dam which generates a substantial amount of Ghana's electricity. It is completely within the country of Ghana and has a surface area of 8,502 square kilometres (3,282+1⁄2 sq mi).[1] It extends from Akosombo in the south to the northern part of the country.[2][3]

Lake Volta
Space Imaging view of Lake Volta from the International Space Station in Space, by NASA.
Lake Volta
Lake Volta in Ghana
Location	Ghana, West Africa
Coordinates	6°30′N 0°0′E
Lake type	Reservoir
Primary inflows	White Volta River Black Volta River
Primary outflows	Volta River
Catchment area	385,180 km2 (148,720 sq mi)
Basin countries	Ghana
Surface area	8,502 km2 (3,283 sq mi)
Average depth	18.8 m (61 ft 8 in)
Max. depth	75 m (246 ft)
Water volume	148 km3 (32.6 × 1012 gallons)
Shore length1	4,800 kilometres (2,980 mi)
Surface elevation	85 m (279 ft)
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.

Geography

Lake Volta lies along the Prime meridian, and just six degrees of latitude north of the Equator. The lake's northernmost point is close to the town of Yapei, and its southernmost extreme is at the Akosombo Dam, 520 km (320 mi) downstream from Yapei. Akosombo Dam holds back both the White Volta River and the Black Volta River, which formerly converged where the middle of the reservoir now lies, to form the single Volta River. The present Volta River flows from the outlets of the dam's powerhouse and spillways to the Atlantic Ocean in southern Ghana.

The main islands within the lake are Dodi, Dwarf, and Kporve.[4] Digya National Park lies on part of the lake's western shore.

History

The lake was formed by the Akosombo Dam, which was originally conceived by the geologist Albert Ernest Kitson in 1915, but whose construction only began in 1961 with completion in 1965. Because of the formation of Lake Volta, about 78,000 people were relocated[5] to new towns and villages, along with 200,000 animals belonging to them. About 120 buildings were destroyed, not including small residences, and over 7,800 km² (3,000 sq mi) of territory were flooded.

Economy

The Akosombo Dam produces 912 MW of electricity for the country, as well as for export to Togo, Benin, and other nearby countries to earn foreign exchange.[1] Lake Volta is also important for transportation, providing a waterway for both ferries and cargo watercraft. Since the huge lake lies in a tropical area, the water remains warm year-round naturally. Given good management, Lake Volta is the location of a vast population of fish and large fisheries.

The lake also attracts tourism, and tourist cruises visit the island of Dodi.[4]

Recent developments include a large-scale enterprise to harvest submerged timber from the flooded forests under Lake Volta. This project harvests high-value tropical hardwood without requiring additional logging or destruction of existing forest and, according to Wayne Dunn, "could generate the largest source of environmentally sustainable natural tropical hardwood in the world."[6] The Ghanaian-owned company Underwater Forest Resources has committed itself to making this lumber available in the global market, while Flooring Solutions Ghana have become the suppliers of hardwood floors, using the rare wood from the Lake.^{[citation needed]} In addition to generating foreign currency for the region and reducing the dependence of locals on fishing as a primary economic activity, the removal of submerged trees is improving navigation on the lake and increasing safety.[6]

An estimated 7,000 to 10,000 children work in the fishing industry on Lake Volta. The nature of their employment has been described as slavery in The Guardian[7] and by the CNN Freedom Project. This has been described as sensationalism by Betty Mensah and the academic Samuel Okyere since many of the children and youth whose wages are given upfront to their parents grow up to become self-sufficient fishermen in adulthood who in turn hire children themselves and could therefore also be characterized as apprentices. They conclude, that many children may suffer under exploitative work but are not enslaved.[8]

Panorama and landscape of Lake Volta in Ghana: Lake Volta is the largest reservoir by surface area in the world.

Photos

• 
  A ferry on Lake Volta
• 
  Photograph of Lake Volta
• 
  Akosombo Port's signage
• 
  Trees in Lake Volta
• 
  Dock of Dodi Island with Dodi Princess
• 

See also

• Lake Kariba, the world's largest reservoir by volume

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lake Volta.

• Lake Volta & Akosombo on Ghanaweb.com
• Volta Lake, International Lake Environment Committee Web site
• Gold exploration in the Volta region — Objective Capital Africa Resources Investment Conference (video)
• Lake Volta — more information on Ghana-Net.com

На других языках

[de] Volta-Stausee

[es] Lago Volta

[fr] Lac Volta

[it] Volta (lago)

[ru] Вольта (водохранилище)