geo.wikisort.org - Reservoir

Lake Junin[2] (IPA: [xuˈnin]; Spanish Lago Junín, named after the nearby town of Junin)[3] or Chinchaycocha (possibly from Quechua chincha, chinchay north, northern, chinchay ocelot, qucha lake, lagoon,[4][5] "northern lake" or "ocelot lake") is the largest lake entirely within Peruvian territory. Even though Lake Titicaca has a much larger area, its eastern half is located on Bolivian territory. Lake Junin is an important birdwatching destination in the country.[6]

Lake Junin
Chinchaycocha
Lake Junin
Coordinates	11°01′S 76°07′W
Primary outflows	Upamayu-Mantaro River
Basin countries	Peru
Surface area	529.88 km2 (204.59 sq mi)
Max. depth	12 m (39 ft)[1]
Surface elevation	4,082.7 m (13,395 ft)[1]

Geography

Most of the lake is located in the Junin Province of the Junin Region, its northwestern tip belongs to the Pasco Province which is in the Pasco Region. The surface elevation of the lake is located at 4,082.7 m (13,395 ft) above sea level.[1]

The lake is on the upper reaches of the Mantaro River within the Amazon River catchment. There is a hydroelectric power station which regulates the water level of the lake at the outflow of the lake, through the Upamayo Dam. In years of abundant rains, fluctuations in the water level are moderate, but in years of drought water level may drop 1.5–2 m (4.9–6.6 ft) leaving extensive areas exposed. The deepest part of the lake, which is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) off Huayre, is 12 m (39 ft) deep.[1]

The headwaters of streams flowing into Lake Junin have been named as the "most distant" source of the Amazon River, one of the three places proposed as the "true" source of the Amazon.[7]

Pollution

Since 1933 there has been an inflow of mining residues into the lake, which has adversely affected the fish and bird fauna in parts of the lake. Sewage coming from the cities of Junín and Carhuamayo also pollutes the lake. These types of pollution are contributing to the natural eutrophication process of this wetland.

Fauna and flora

Lake Junin has two endemic birds: the critically endangered Junín flightless grebe (Podiceps taczanowskii) and the endangered Junín rail (Laterallus tuerosi).[8] The two endangered species of frogs in the genus Batrachophrynus are restricted to the vicinity of the lake, although only one of these, the entirely aquatic Lake Junín giant frog (B. macrostomus), is found in the lake itself.[9] Three Orestias pupfish, O. empyraeus, O. gymnota and O. polonorum, and the catfish Trichomycterus oroyae are endemic to the lake basin and its vicinity (including associated streams, rivers and smaller lakes).[1][10]

Lake Junin is surrounded by emergent vegetation, which in some places can reach 6 km (3.7 mi) wide and become so dense that it is impenetrable. The fish fauna is abundant but consists of few species, including introduced species. The introduced trout have been implicated in the decline of the endemic frogs.[9]

See also

• Antaqucha
• Allqaqucha

References

External links

• Factsheet of the natural reserve

На других языках

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[de] Junín-See

Der Junín-See (spanisch Lago Junín) oder Chinchaycocha (Quechua Chinchayqucha, „nördlicher See“ oder auch „Ozelot-See“) ist nach dem Titicacasee der zweitgrößte See im südamerikanischen Peru.

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- [en] Lake Junin

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[es] Lago Junín

El lago Junín o Chinchaycocha[1] (en quechua: Chinchay qućha ‘lago del gato andino o lago del norte’)[2] se encuentra en la provincia de Junín, departamento de Junín en el Perú. Está a una altura superior a los 4080 msnm y da origen al río Mantaro que irriga el valle homónimo, considerado el más ancho de los andes centrales peruanos.

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[fr] Lac Junín

Le lac Junín ou Chinchayqucha en quechua, ce qui signifie dans cette dernière langue le lac du Nord, se trouve dans une vallée interandine au centre du Pérou. C’est le plus grand lac entièrement péruvien (le lac Titicaca est plus vaste mais est partagé entre le Pérou et la Bolivie). Il se trouve à une altitude supérieure à 4 000 m au-dessus du niveau de la mer et fait partie du bassin amazonien. Il donne naissance au río Mantaro qui baigne la vallée du même nom, la plus grande vallée des Andes centrales péruviennes. La majeure partie du lac se trouve dans la province de Junín, Région de Junín, la rive nord-est se trouvant dans la province de Pasco, Région de Pasco. Le lac est également reconnu zone importante pour la conservation des oiseaux[1].

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[it] Junín (lago)

Il Lago di Junín[1] è situato in Perù, nella regione omonima e fa parte del bacino dell'Amazzonia. È il più grande lago interamente compreso nel territorio peruviano. Il Titicaca, infatti, occupa un'area molto più vasta, ma la sua metà orientale si trova in territorio Boliviano. Situato ad un'altitudine di 4082 metri, il Junín è anche una apprezzata destinazione per la pratica del birdwatching.

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[ru] Хунин (озеро)

Хунин[1] — крупнейшее озеро на территории Перу, по происхождению остаточное. Несмотря на то, что озеро Титикака имеет бо́льшие размеры, его восточный берег находится на территории Боливии. Озеро Хунин имеет урез воды 4082 м над уровнем моря. Площадь поверхности — 529,88 км².[источник не указан 791 день] Высота над уровнем моря — 4080 м.[источник не указан 791 день]

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