geo.wikisort.org - Mountains

The Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Polish: Góry Świętokrzyskie, IPA: [ˈɡurɨ ɕfjɛntɔˈkʂɨskʲɛ] (listen)), often anglicized to Holy Cross Mountains, are a mountain range in central Poland, near the city of Kielce. The Świętokrzyskie Mountains are some of the oldest mountains in Europe, and the highest between the Sudetes and the Ural Mountains.[1]

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Świętokrzyskie Mountains
Holy Cross Mountains
Świętokrzyskie Mountains
Highest point
Peak	Łysica
Elevation	614 m (2,014 ft)
Coordinates	50°54′N 20°54′E
Geography
Country	Poland

The mountain range comprises several lesser ranges, the highest of which is Łysogóry (literally "Bald Mountains").

The two highest peaks are Łysica, 614 m (2014.44 ft), and Łysa Góra, 594 m (1948.81 ft).

Together with the Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska, the mountains form a region called the Lesser-Poland Upland (Wyżyna Małopolska).

They cover an area of 1684 km² (650 mi²).

The approximate location is 50°53′N 20°55′E.

Prehistory

The Świętokrzyskie Mountains are one of the oldest mountain ranges in Europe. They were formed during the Caledonian orogeny of the Silurian period and then rejuvenated in the Hercynian orogeny of the Late Carboniferous period.[2]

The region was once on the southern coast of the ancient supercontinent of Laurasia. The oldest known evidence of tetrapods comes from 395-million-year old fossil footprints found in Zachełmie. The rocks were formed from a marine tidal flat or lagoon.[3][4]

The mountains have also yielded the oldest evidence of Dinosauromorpha, pushing back the evolution of dinosaurs to small, four-legged animals living during the Early Triassic period.[5] The fossil footprints date to some 250 million years ago, only a couple of million years after the Permian–Triassic extinction event, during a time when the environment was still destabilized.[6] Footprints of early bipedal dinosaurs known as Sphingopus, from 246 million years ago, have also been found.[7]

History

From the early Middle Ages the mountains were a place of extensive copper and iron mining. Later they were also a significant site of limestone and red sandstone extraction. The central part of the mountains now contains the Świętokrzyski National Park.

The name "Holy Cross Mountains" refers to a Christian relic from a nearby Benedictine monastery on Łysa Góra, said to be a small piece of wood from the Cross on which Jesus Christ was crucified.[8]

Climate

The climate of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains differs from the surrounding regions. The average annual temperature is 6–7 ° C. The yearly rainfall ranges from 650 to 900mm. The highest peaks are covered in snow from november to april. The ice sheet persist on average 50–90 days a year. The vegetation period of the highest parts of the mountains is two weeks shorter than in Warsaw and is about 200 days. Temperature inversion occurs – the temperature on the heated slopes can be up to 5 °C higher than in the bottoms of the valleys, located several dozen meters below.

Nature conservation

In order to protect unique values of Świętokrzyskie Mountains Świętokrzyski National Park was established in 1950. Moreover, many areas are protected by several nature parks, reserves and Natura 2000 areas.

Nature parks in Świętokrzyskie mountains:

• Jeleniowska Landscape Park
• Cisów-Orłowiny Landscape Park
• Suchedniów-Oblęgorek Landscape Park
• Sieradowice Landscape Park
• Chęciny-Kielce Landscape Park

See also

• Bartek the most famous tree in Poland
• Caledonian orogenesis
• Holy Cross Province

References

External links

• Media related to Swietokrzyskie Mountains at Wikimedia Commons

На других языках

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[de] Heiligkreuzgebirge

50.88333333333320.9

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- [en] Świętokrzyskie Mountains

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[es] Montañas de Santa Cruz (Polonia)

La sierra de Santa Cruz (en polaco,  Góry Świętokrzyskie (?·i)) es una sierra localizada en el centro de Polonia, cerca de la ciudad de Kielce. Consta de varias secciones más pequeñas, la más alta de las cuales es Łysogóry (lit. montañas peladas). Los dos picos más altos son Łysica, con 612 metros, y Łysa Góra, con 593 metros. Junto con el Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska, estos montes forman una región llamada Meseta de la pequeña Polonia (Wyżyna Małopolska). Tienen una superficie de 1684 km². Su ubicación aproximada es 50°53′N 20°55′E.

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[fr] Monts Sainte-Croix

Les monts Sainte-Croix (« montagnes de la Sainte Croix », en polonais : Góry Świętokrzyskie .mw-parser-output .prononciation>a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png")center left no-repeat;padding-left:15px;font-size:smaller}Écouter) sont un massif montagneux de la Pologne centrale, au voisinage de la ville de Kielce, de la voïvodie de Sainte-Croix.

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[ru] Свентокшиские горы

Свентокши́ские го́ры (польск. Góry Świętokrzyskie[1] — «горы Святого Креста») — горный хребет в Польше, наиболее высокая часть Келецко-Сандомежской возвышенности.

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