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The Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, also known as the Polish Jurassic Highland or Polish Jura (Polish: Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska), is part of the Jurassic System of south–central Poland, stretching between the cities of Kraków, Częstochowa and Wieluń. The Polish Jura borders the Lesser Polish Upland to the north and east, the foothills of the Western Carpathians to the south and Silesian Upland to the west.

View of the Tatras from the castle ruin Grodzisko at Skała
View of the Tatras from the castle ruin Grodzisko at Skała
Polish Jura, Glove Rock (Skała Rękawica) at Ojców National Park
Polish Jura, Glove Rock (Skała Rękawica) at Ojców National Park
Maczuga Herkulesa
Maczuga Herkulesa

The Polish Jura consists of a hilly landscape with Jurassic limestone rocks, cliffs, valleys and vast limestone formations, featuring some 220 caves. The relief of the upland developed since the Paleogene, under climatic conditions changing considerably. Its main component is a peneplain, crowned by monadnocks, rocky masses that resisted erosion, generated as hard rock on Late Jurassic buildup surrounded by less resistant bedded limestone of the same age.[1] The Polish Jura is visited by roughly 400,000 visitors a year. Part of it belongs to the Ojców National Park, the smallest of Poland's twenty national parks, ranking among the most attractive recreational areas of the country.[2]


Flora and fauna


Location of the Polish Jura
Location of the Polish Jura

The Kraków-Częstochowa Jurassic Upland consists of a rich ecosystem, partly because of the unique microclimate and also because of the whole upland being surrounded by a natural forest.[3] Plant and animal life is very diverse with over 1600 species of plants and 5500 species of animals. These include 4600 species of insects, including 1700 of beetles and 1075 of butterflies and 135 of birds. Mammals include the beaver, badger, ermine and 15 species of bats, many of which hibernate in the park's caves during the winter.

The climate of the upland differs significantly from the surrounding area. The snowpack covers the area for 80 days a year and the rainy season lasts from April until September. Annual precipitation varies between 650–700 mm, higher than in surrounding regions, the median temperature is lower, from 0.5 to 1.0°C. Average temperature is 19°C in summer and -3°C in winter.

There are a number of rivers that originate from the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, among them the Warta, Biała Przemsza, Pilica, Dłubnia, Szreniawa, Prądnik, Wiercica and Rudawa.

Apart from a diversity of plant and animal species, one can find a unique cultural landscape with archeological objects and relics of ancient inhabitation, with a vast collection of artifacts. The earliest settlement in the area dates to the Paleolithic period, approximately 12,000 years ago. The region is rich in flint, which attracted early humans.



Castles

See also



References


  1. "Pattern of karst landscape of the Cracow Upland (South Poland)" by Witold Stefan Alexandrowicz and Zofia Alexandrowicz, Acta Carsologica, Slovenian Academy Of Sciences "Acta Carsologica". Archived from the original on 2007-09-26. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
  2. Congress of the Jurassic System, Kraków, Poland. Archived 2009-03-27 at the Wayback Machine
  3. "Krakow - Czestochowa Upland", Agencja Promocji Regionów ORANET.  (in Polish)


Media related to Polish Jura at Wikimedia Commons


На других языках

[de] Krakau-Tschenstochauer Jura

Der Krakau-Tschenstochauer Jura (Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska / Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska) ist ein Mittelgebirge im südlichen Polen auf dem Gebiet der Woiwodschaften Schlesien und Kleinpolen. Er stellt den östlichen Teil des Krakau-Schlesischen Hochlands dar und grenzt im Norden an die polnische Tiefebene, im Osten an das Kleinpolnische Hochland, im Süden an das Weichseltal und im Westen an das schlesische Hochland und erstreckt sich von Tschenstochau bis nach Krakau. Seine Verlängerung, das Wieluner Hochland, erstreckt sich in nordwestlicher Richtung bis zur Stadt Wieluń. Das Gebirge ist von Kalkfelsen geprägt und weist zahlreiche Karsterscheinungen (Tropfsteinhöhlen, Felsmassive und -türme, Dolinen etc.) sowie die größte Sandwüste Mitteleuropas (Błędów-Wüste) auf.
- [en] Kraków-Częstochowa Upland

[fr] Jura cracovien

Le haut plateau de Cracovie-Częstochowa, Jura cracovien ou Jura polonais, en polonais Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska, s'étend sur une bande d'environ 80 km de long entre Cracovie, au sud, et Częstochowa, au nord. Il a une superficie d'environ 2 615 km2 et son altitude moyenne est de 450 mètres. C'est un milieu physique original, unique en Pologne, par ses hautes buttes calcaires du secteur d'Ogrodzieniec, le canyon de Prądnik et ses grottes. C'est aussi un ensemble de sites historiques protégés dans le cadre de parcs nationaux.

[it] Altopiano di Cracovia-Częstochowa

L' altopiano di Cracovia-Częstochowa, noto anche come altopiano giurassico polacco o Giura polacco (in in polacco Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska), fa parte del sistema giurassico della Polonia centro-meridionale, che si estende tra le città di Cracovia, Częstochowa e Wieluń. Il Giura polacco confina con l'altopiano della Piccola Polonia a nord e ad est, le pendici dei Carpazi occidentali a sud e l'altopiano della Slesia a ovest.

[ru] Краковско-Ченстоховская возвышенность

Кра́ковско-Ченстохо́вская возвы́шенность — возвышенность на юге Польши, юго-западная часть Малопольской возвышенности. На западе уступом куэсты обрывается к Силезской возвышенности. Также известна, как Юра́ Краковско-Ченстоховская, Юра́ Краковская и Польская Юра́.


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