geo.wikisort.org - Mountains

Search / Calendar

Ardoukôba (Arabic: أردوكوبا) is a fissure vents volcano in Djibouti.[1] Located on the coast 100 kilometres (62 mi) from Djibouti City, its summit is situated at 298 metres (978 ft) above sea level. It last erupted in November 1978 following an earthquake, the area having been dormant for 3,000 years. The volcano's rift is 17 kilometres (11 mi) in width, and has a depth of 800 metres (2,600 ft).[2]

Ardoukoba
Highest point
Elevation298 m (978 ft)[1]
Coordinates11°36′N 42°29′E[1]
Naming
Native nameأردوكوبا  (Arabic)
Geography
Ardoukoba
 Djibouti
Geology
Mountain typeFissure vent
Last eruptionNovember 1978[1]

The Government of Djibouti has initiated a proposal with UNESCO to declare the Lake Assal zone including the Ardoukoba volcano and its surroundings as a World Heritage Site.[3]


Geography


Culminating at an altitude of 298 meters, the Ardoukôba is a volcano born from a volcanic fissure and composed of a pile of basaltic slag forming three cones emitting two flows of fluid basaltic lava. These eruptive characteristics classify the Ardoukôba among the red volcanoes fed by a rift magma. This northwest-southeast trending volcanic fissure is part of the Great Rift Valley fault system between the Danakil block in the northeast and the Afar depression in the southwest.


History


The Ardoukôba experienced only one eruption, that of its birth, from November 7 to 14, 1978, which follows a volcanic rest of 3,000 years in this part of the rift.

Preceding the onset of the eruption, a total of 800 earthquakes of magnitude less than 3.3 occurred for 24 hours six kilometers from the Ardoukôba, towards Ghoubbet-el-Kharab. An episode of high volcanic gas emission was triggered just before the opening of a 500-meter-long crack through which fluid basaltic lava escaped at three points, quickly forming as many slag cones through which escaped two lava flows flowing over the bottom of the rift towards Lake Assal and Ghoubbet-el-Kharab. The lava emission was accompanied by the formation of a volcanic plume reaching a height of 300 meters, as well as by the projection of tephras up to a height of 70 meters. The initial flow of 500,000 m3 of lava per hour fell after the fifth to sixth day after the onset of eruption. In doing so, a single cone, Gira-le-Koma thirty meters high, 200 meters long and 25 meters wide, remained active from the ninth day. It contained a lava lake that lasted until the thirteenth day and the only lava emitted, in the form of slag and volcanic bombs, continued until the next day, which marked the end of the eruption.

During this typically Hawaiian eruption of red volcanoes fueled by a rift, a total of twelve million cubic meters of fluid basaltic lava was emitted. Lava flows are usually one to two meters thick but can reach a thickness of 25 meters. Twenty-five normal and parallel cracks, one millimeter to two meters wide, opened in a northwesterly-south-easterly direction, reflecting the formation of an escarpment fifty centimeters high.


References


  1. "Ardoukoba". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2011-05-28.
  2. Seach, John. "Ardoukoba Volcano". volcanolive.com. Archived from the original on 21 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-28.
  3. "Geothermal Development in the Assal Area in Djibouti" (PDF). Djibouti Environmental Management Plan. pp. i–xi, 26, 29–30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2011.

На других языках


[de] Ardoukoba

Der Vulkan Ardoukôba (arabisch أردوكوبا) liegt zwischen dem Golf Ghoubbet-el-Kharab des Roten Meeres und dem Assalsee im gleichnamigen Ardoukôba-Rift direkt auf dem Ostafrikanischen Grabenbruch. Dieses sich ständig ausdehnende Gebiet ist eine der vulkanisch aktivsten Zonen der Welt.
- [en] Ardoukoba

[es] Ardoukoba

El Ardoukoba es un volcán con fisuras de ventilación en el país africano de Yibuti.[1] Está ubicado en la costa a 100 kilómetros (62 millas) de la ciudad de Yibuti, su cima se encuentra a 298 metros (978 pies) sobre el nivel del mar. Su última erupción fue en noviembre de 1978 después de un terremoto, y luego de haber estado inactivo durante unos 3.000 años. La grieta del volcán es de 17 kilómetros (11 millas) de ancho, y tiene una profundidad de 800 metros (2.600 pies).

[fr] Ardoukôba

L'Ardoukôba est un volcan de Djibouti apparu en 1978 et situé entre le Ghoubbet-el-Kharab et le lac Assal[1],[2].

[ru] Ардукоба

Ардукоба — вулкан в Джибути в регионе Таджурах, в 100 километрах от столицы Джибути.



Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2024
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии