The Baiyue (Mandarin: 臺灣百岳; Pīnyīn: Táiwān bǎiyuè) is a list of one hundred mountain peaks in Taiwan. They were chosen by a group of prominent Taiwanese hikers from mountain peaks known at the time to be over 3,000 meters in height.[lower-alpha 1] The selection criteria included uniqueness, danger, height, beauty and prominence. Preference was also given to peaks already named and those with triangulation points.[1][2] As such, "Top" does not refer strictly to the highest peaks by elevation, but rather peaks most worth hiking. The list was intended to promote enthusiasm for high-altitude hiking in Taiwan.[3] In the resulting list of one hundred peaks, 69 peaks were in the Central Mountain Range, the largest of Taiwan's five principal mountain ranges, while 19 were in the Xueshan Range, and 12 were in the Yushan Range.[4] The Alishan Range and Coastal Mountain Range, being below 3,000m, have no peaks in the list of Baiyue.
Taiwan has one of the highest densities of tall mountains in the world.[citation needed] To promote mountain hiking, the Taiwan Alpine Association began developing a list of top 100 peaks for Taiwan. Wen-An Lin, after a 1971 crossing of the Central Mountain Range, set about drawing up the list. After extensive consultation with Ching-Chang Tsai, Tian-Cheng Hsing, Tung-San Ting and other prominent hikers of the day, the list of Baiyue was finalized.[1]
Upon completion of the list, hiking the Baiyue immediately became one of the primary goals of avid hikers in Taiwan.[1][2][5][6][7] Finishing the Baiyue is no easy task, however. For aspiring Baiyue hikers, the Five Greats, Three Spires, and One Ogre (Hanzi: 五嶽三尖一奇), whose unique beauty best represents the grandeur of Taiwan's high mountains, became a popular starting point. Other popular sets of peaks include the Harsh Ten and Four Beauties (Hanzi: 十峻四秀). Many begin with the more easily accessible peaks in the Hehuanshan area.
There are actually over 260 mountain peaks over 3,000 meters in Taiwan, many of which were not listed in the Baiyue, but nonetheless impressive. Therefore, some criticism remains over the inclusion of certain mountain peaks on the list, and the exclusion of others, such as Chushan in the Dongjunshan Chain, and Mutelebushan near Xueshan's North Peak. Some have argued that these peaks should be in the Baiyue, while peaks such as Jupenshan, Lushan, Nanhubeishan, Shenmazhenshan, Jianshan, and Bulakesangshan, should be taken off the list. Also, when resurveying was carried out long after the Baiyue list was completed, it was found that Liushunshan and Lushan were under 3,000m. However, as the Baiyue already enjoyed such widespread acceptance, they were not removed from the list and remain there to this day.
The following is a complete listing of the 100 Taiwanese mountain peaks commonly known as the Baiyue:
# | Mountain Peak [8] | Elevation [8] | Difficulty | Location | National park located in | List | Pictures |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yushan[lower-roman 1] (玉山) | 3952 m 12966 ft |
A | Nantou County, Kaohsiung City, Chiayi County | Yushan | Five Greats #1[lower-alpha 2] Three Highs #1[lower-alpha 3] | ![]() |
2 | Xueshan[lower-roman 2] (雪山) | 3886 m 12749 ft |
A | Miaoli County, Taichung City | Shei-Pa | Five Greats #2[lower-alpha 2] Three Highs #2[lower-alpha 3] | ![]() |
3 | Yushan East Peak (玉山東峰) | 3869 m 12694 ft |
C+ | Nantou County, Kaohsiung City | Yushan | Harsh Ten #1[lower-alpha 4] | ![]() |
4 | Yushan North Peak (玉山北峰) | 3858 m 12657 ft |
B | Nantou County | Yushan | Eight Beauties #1[lower-alpha 5] |
![]() |
5 | Yushan South Peak (玉山南峰) | 3844 m 12612 ft |
C+ | Kaohsiung City | Yushan | Harsh Ten #2[lower-alpha 4] | ![]() |
6 | Xiuguluanshan[lower-roman 3] (秀姑巒山) | 3825 m 12549 ft |
B | Hualien County, Nantou County | Yushan | Five Greats #3[lower-alpha 2] | |
7 | Mabolasishan[lower-roman 4] (馬博拉斯山) | 3785 m 12418 ft |
C+ | Hualien County, Nantou County | Yushan | Harsh Ten #3[lower-alpha 4] | |
8 | Nanhudashan (南湖大山) | 3742 m 12277 ft |
B | Taichung City | Taroko | Five Greats #4[lower-alpha 2] | ![]() |
9 | Dongxiaonanshan (東小南山) | 3711 m 12175 ft |
C | Kaohsiung City | Yushan | Flat Nine #1[lower-alpha 6] | |
10 | Central Range Point (中央尖山) | 3705 m 12156 ft |
C+ | Taichung City, Hualien County | Taroko | Three Spires #1[lower-alpha 7] | |
11 | Xueshan North Peak[lower-roman 5] (雪山北峰) | 3703 m 12149 ft |
C+ | Miaoli County, Taichung City | Shei-Pa | Gentle Ten #2[lower-alpha 8] | ![]() |
12 | Guanshan[lower-roman 6] (關山) | 3668 m 12034 ft |
C | Taitung County, Kaohsiung City | Yushan | Harsh Ten #4[lower-alpha 4] | |
13 | Dashuikushan (大水堀山) | 3642 m 11949 ft |
B | Hualien County, Nantou County | Yushan | Gentle Ten #1[lower-alpha 8] | |
14 | Nanhushan East Peak[lower-roman 7] (南湖大山東峰) | 3632 m 11916 ft |
B | Taichung City, Hualien County, Yilan County | Taroko | Rocky Ten #1[lower-alpha 9] | |
15 | Dongjundashan[lower-roman 8] (東郡大山) | 3619 m 11873 ft |
C+ | Nantou County | Majestic Ten #1[lower-alpha 10] | ||
16 | Qilaishan North Peak (奇萊山北峰) | 3607 m 11834 ft |
B | Hualien County | Taroko | Harsh Ten #5[lower-alpha 4] One Ogre[lower-alpha 11] | |
17 | Xiangyangshan[lower-roman 9] | 3603 m 11821 ft |
A | Kaohsiung City, Taitung County | Yushan | Eight Beauties #2[lower-alpha 5] | |
18 | Dajianshan[lower-roman 10] | 3594 m 11791 ft |
B | Taichung City | Shei-Pa | Harsh Ten #6[lower-alpha 4] | ![]() |
19 | Yunfeng[lower-roman 11] | 3564 m 11693 ft |
C | Kaohsiung City | Yushan | Lofty Nine #1[lower-alpha 12] | |
20 | Qilaishan[lower-roman 12] (奇萊山) | 3560 m 11680 ft |
B | Hualien County, Nantou County | Taroko | Lofty Nine #2[lower-alpha 12] | ![]() |
21 | Malijiananshan[lower-roman 13] | 3546 m 11634 ft |
C+ | Nantou County, Hualien County | Yushan | Rocky Ten #2[lower-alpha 9] | |
22 | Nanhubeishan[lower-roman 14] (南湖北山) | 3536 m 11601 ft |
B | Yilan County, Taichung City | Taroko | Majestic Ten #2[lower-alpha 10] | ![]() |
23 | Daxueshan | 3530 m 11581 ft |
C | Miaoli County, Taichung City | Shei-Pa | Majestic Ten #3[lower-alpha 10] | ![]() |
24 | Pintianshan[lower-roman 15] | 3524 m 11562 ft |
B | Hsinchu County, Taichung City | Shei-Pa | Harsh Ten #7[lower-alpha 4] Four Beauties #1[lower-alpha 13] | ![]() |
25 | Yushan West Peak[lower-roman 16] | 3518 m 11542 ft |
A | Chiayi County, Nantou County | Yushan | Verdant Ten #4[lower-alpha 14] | ![]() |
26 | Touyingshan | 3510 m 11516 ft |
C | Taichung City, Miaoli County | Shei-Pa | Lofty Nine #3[lower-alpha 12] | ![]() |
27 | Sanchashan[lower-roman 17] | 3496 m 11470 ft |
A | Hualien County, Taitung County, Kaohsiung City | Yushan | Majestic Ten #3[lower-alpha 10] | ![]() |
28 | Dabajianshan[lower-roman 18] | 3492 m 11457 ft |
A | Hsinchu County, Miaoli County | Shei-Pa | Three Spires #2[lower-alpha 7] | ![]() |
29 | Nanhushan South Peak (南湖大山南峰) | 3475 m 11401 ft |
C | Taichung City, Hualien County | Taroko | Rocky Ten #5[lower-alpha 9] | |
30 | Dongluandashan | 3468 m 11378 ft |
C+ | Nantou County | Eight Beauties #3[lower-alpha 5] | ||
31 | Wumingshan[lower-roman 19] | 3451 m 11322 ft |
C+ | Taichung City, Hualien County | Taroko | Harsh Ten #8[lower-alpha 4] | |
32 | Babashan[lower-roman 20] | 3449 m 11316 ft |
C | Taichung City, Hualien County | Taroko | Little Eight #1[lower-alpha 15] | |
33 | Maxishan[lower-roman 21] | 3443 m 11296 ft |
C+ | Hualien County | Yushan | Majestic Ten #5[lower-alpha 10] | |
34 | Hehuanshan North Peak | 3422 m 11227 ft |
A | Nantou County, Hualien County | Taroko | Majestic Ten #6[lower-alpha 10] | |
35 | Hehuanshan East Peak | 3421 m 11224 ft |
A | Nantou County, Hualien County | Taroko | Lofty Nine #4[lower-alpha 12] | ![]() |
36 | Xiaobajianshan | 3418 m 11214 ft |
B | Miaoli County | Shei-Pa | Craggy Eight #2[lower-alpha 16] | |
37 | Hehuanshan Main Peak | 3417 m 11211 ft |
A | Nantou County | Taroko | Gentle Ten #3[lower-alpha 8] | ![]() |
38 | South Yushan | 3383 m 11099 ft |
C | Kaohsiung City | Yushan | Gentle Ten #4[lower-alpha 8] | |
39 | Bilushan[lower-roman 22] | 3371 m 11060 ft |
A | Hualien County, Nantou County | Taroko | Narrow Eight #3[lower-alpha 17] | |
40 | Zhuoshedashan | 3369 m 11053 ft |
C | Nantou County | Lofty Nine #5[lower-alpha 12] | ||
41 | Qilaishan South Peak (奇萊山南峰) | 3358 m 11017 ft |
A | Nantou County | Majestic Ten #7[lower-alpha 10] | ![]() | |
42 | Nanshuangtoushan | 3356 m 11010 ft |
C | Hualien County, Kaohsiung City | Yushan | Lofty Nine #6[lower-alpha 12] | |
43 | Nenggaoshan South Peak | 3349 m 10988 ft |
C | Nantou County, Hualien County | Harsh Ten #9[lower-alpha 4] | ||
44 | Zhijiayangdashan | 3345 m 10974 ft |
A | Taichung City | Shei-Pa | Eight Beauties #4[lower-alpha 5] | |
45 | Baigudashan[lower-roman 23] | 3342 m 10965 ft |
B | Nantou County, Taichung City | Verdant Ten #7[lower-alpha 14] | ||
46 | Batongguanshan | 3335 m 10942 ft |
A | Nantou County | Yushan | Craggy Eight #3[lower-alpha 16] | |
47 | Xinkangshan[lower-roman 24] | 3331 m 10928 ft |
C | Hualien County | Yushan | Harsh Ten #10[lower-alpha 4] | |
48 | Dandashan | 3325 m 10909 ft |
C | Nantou County, Hualien County | Nine Walls #3[lower-alpha 18] | ||
49 | Taoshan | 3325 m 10909 ft |
A | Hsinchu County, Taichung City | Shei-Pa | Eight Beauties #5[lower-alpha 5] Four Beauties #2[lower-alpha 13] | |
50 | Jiayangshan[lower-roman 25] | 3314 m 10873 ft |
B | Taichung City | Shei-Pa | Craggy Eight #4[lower-alpha 16] | |
51 | Huoshishan | 3310 m 10860 ft |
C | Miaoli County, Taichung City | Shei-Pa | Craggy Eight #5[lower-alpha 16] | ![]() |
52 | Chiyoushan[lower-roman 26] | 3303 m 10837 ft |
A | Hsinchu County, Taichung City | Shei-Pa | Simple Six #1[lower-alpha 19] Four Beauties #3[lower-alpha 13] | ![]() |
53 | Yizeshan[lower-roman 27] | 3297 m 10817 ft |
A | Miaoli County, Hsinchu County | Shei-Pa | Simple Six #2[lower-alpha 19] | |
54 | Beinanzhushan | 3295 m 10810 ft |
C | Kaohsiung City, Taitung County | Majestic Ten #8[lower-alpha 10] | ||
55 | Ganzhuowanshan | 3284 m 10774 ft |
C | Nantou County | Narrow Eight #4[lower-alpha 17] | ||
56 | Taroko Mountain | 3283 m 10771 ft |
C+ | Hualien County | Taroko | Majestic Ten #9[lower-alpha 10] | |
57 | Lulushan[lower-roman 28] | 3279 m 10758 ft |
C | Kaohsiung City | Yushan | Craggy Eight #7[lower-alpha 16] | |
58 | Kaxipananshan | 3276 m 10748 ft |
C+ | Hualien County | Yushan | Remote Nine #4[lower-alpha 20] | |
59 | Neilingershan | 3275 m 10745 ft |
C | Hualien County | Majestic Ten #10[lower-alpha 10] | ||
60 | Lingmingshan | 3272 m 10735 ft |
B | Taichung City, Hualien County | Taroko | Eight Beauties #6[lower-alpha 5] | |
61 | Jundashan (郡大山) | 3265 m 10712 ft |
A | Nantou County | Yushan | Eight Beauties #7[lower-alpha 5] | |
62 | Nenggaoshan[lower-roman 29] (能高山) | 3262 m 10702 ft |
C | Nantou County, Hualien County | Lofty Nine #7[lower-alpha 12] Three Highs #3[lower-alpha 3] | ![]() | |
63 | Wandongshan West Peak[lower-roman 30] | 3258 m 10689 ft |
C | Nantou County | Remote Nine #5[lower-alpha 20] | ||
64 | Jianshan[lower-roman 31] | 3253 m 10673 ft |
C | Taichung City | Shei-Pa | Nine Walls #5[lower-alpha 18] | |
65 | Pingfengshan | 3250 m 10663 ft |
B | Hualien County | Taroko | Nine Walls #6[lower-alpha 18] | |
66 | Xiaoguanshan | 3249 m 10659 ft |
C | Kaohsiung City, Taitung County | Lofty Nine #8[lower-alpha 12] | ||
67 | Yixiqingmazhishan | 3245 m 10646 ft |
C+ | Hualien County, Nantou County | Steep Seven #4[lower-alpha 21] | ||
68 | Mushan[lower-roman 32] | 3241 m 10633 ft |
C | Nantou County | Simple Six #5[lower-alpha 19] | ||
69 | Yushan Front Peak | 3239 m 10627 ft |
A | Chiayi County, Nantou County | Yushan | Simple Six #5[lower-alpha 19] | |
70 | Shimenshan | 3237 m 10620 ft |
A | Hualien County, Nantou County | Taroko | Little Eight #2[lower-alpha 15] | |
71 | Wushuangshan[lower-roman 33] | 3231 m 10600 ft |
C+ | Nantou County | Nine Walls #7[lower-alpha 18] | ||
72 | Taguanshan[lower-roman 34] | 3222 m 10571 ft |
A | Taitung County, Kaohsiung City | Yushan | Steep Seven #5[lower-alpha 21] | |
73 | Mabishanshan[lower-roman 35] | 3211 m 10535 ft |
C | Yilan County, Hualien County | Taroko | Flat Nine #7[lower-alpha 6] | |
74 | Dafenjianshan[lower-roman 36] | 3208 m 10525 ft |
C | Nantou County, Kaohsiung City, Hualien County | Yushan | Three Spires #3[lower-alpha 7] | |
75 | Xueshan East Peak[lower-roman 37] | 3201 m 10502 ft |
A | Taichung City | Shei-Pa | Little Eight #3[lower-alpha 15] | ![]() |
76 | Nanhuashan[lower-roman 38] | 3184 m 10446 ft |
A | Nantou County, Hualien County | Narrow Eight #6[lower-alpha 17] | ![]() | |
77 | Guanshanlingshan | 3176 m 10420 ft |
A | Taitung County, Kaohsiung City | Yushan | Narrow Eight #7[lower-alpha 17] | |
78 | Hainuonanshan | 3174 m 10413 ft |
C | Taitung County, Kaohsiung City | Gentle Ten #6[lower-alpha 8] | ||
79 | Zhongxueshan | 3173 m 10410 ft |
A | Miaoli County | Shei-Pa | Verdant Ten #8[lower-alpha 14] | ![]() |
80 | Shuanshan | 3168 m 10394 ft |
A | Taichung City | Taroko | Eight Beauties #8[lower-alpha 5] | |
81 | Ganshufeng[lower-roman 39] | 3158 m 10361 ft |
C+ | Hualien County, Taichung City | Taroko | Little Eight #6[lower-alpha 15] | |
82 | Hehuanshan West Peak | 3145 m 10318 ft |
A | Nantou County | Taroko | Verdant Ten #9[lower-alpha 14] | |
83 | Shenmazhenshan[lower-roman 40] | 3141 m 10305 ft |
A | Yilan County, Taichung City | Taroko | Contiguous Six #1[lower-alpha 22] | |
84 | Kalayeshan[lower-roman 41] | 3133 m 10279 ft |
A | Hsinchu County, Yilan County | Shei-Pa | Contiguous Six #2[lower-alpha 22] Four Beauties #4[lower-alpha 13] | |
85 | Kuhanuoxinshan | 3115 m 10220 ft |
A | Kaohsiung City | Yushan | Remote Nine #8[lower-alpha 20] | |
86 | Jialishan[lower-roman 42] | 3112 m 10210 ft |
A | Miaoli County | Shei-Pa | Contiguous Six #3[lower-alpha 22] | |
87 | Baishishan | 3110 m 10203 ft |
C | Nantou County, Hualien County | Steep Seven #6[lower-alpha 21] | ||
88 | Panshishan[lower-roman 43] | 3106 m 10190 ft |
C | Hualien County | Taroko | Remote Nine #9[lower-alpha 20] | |
89 | Patuolushan | 3101 m 10174 ft |
C | Hualien County | Taroko | Gentle Ten #8[lower-alpha 8] | |
90 | Beidawushan[lower-roman 44] (北大武山) | 3092 m 10144 ft |
A | Pingtung County, Taitung County | Five Greats #5[lower-alpha 2] | ||
91 | Xiluandashan[lower-roman 45] (西巒大山) | 3081 m 10108 ft |
A | Nantou County | Steep Seven #7[lower-alpha 21] | ![]() | |
92 | Tafenshan | 3070 m 10072 ft |
C | Hualien County, Kaohsiung City | Yushan | Craggy Eight #8[lower-alpha 16] | |
93 | Liwuzhushan[lower-roman 46] | 3069 m 10069 ft |
C | Hualien County | Taroko | Rocky Ten #9[lower-alpha 9] | |
94 | Andongjunshan[lower-roman 47] | 3068 m 10066 ft |
C | Hualien County, Nantou County | Gentle Ten #9[lower-alpha 8] | ||
95 | Guangtoushan[lower-roman 48] | 3060 m 10039 ft |
C | Nantou County, Hualien County | Flat Nine #8[lower-alpha 6] | ||
96 | Yangtoushan | 3035 m 9957 ft |
A | Hualien County | Taroko | Narrow Eight #8[lower-alpha 17] | |
97 | Bulakesangshan[lower-roman 49] | 3026 m 9928 ft |
C | Taitung County, Hualien County | Nine Walls #9[lower-alpha 18] | ||
98 | Jupenshan[lower-roman 50] | 3022 m 9915 ft |
C+ | Nantou County | Yushan | Contiguous Six #4[lower-alpha 22] | |
99 | Liushunshan | 2999 m 9839 ft |
B | Nantou County, Hualien County | Flat Nine #9[lower-alpha 6] | ||
100 | Lushan | 2981 m 9780 ft |
C | Kaohsiung City | Yushan | Contiguous Six #6[lower-alpha 22] |