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Yeonpyeong Island or Yeonpyeongdo (Korean: 연평도 pronounced [jʌnpçʌŋdo]; referred to by North Korea as Yŏnphyŏng Islet) is a group of South Korean islands in the Yellow Sea, located about 80 km (50 mi) west of Incheon and 12 km (7.5 mi) south of the coast of Hwanghae Province, North Korea. The main island of the group is Daeyeonpyeongdo ("Big Yeonpyeong Island"), also referred to simply as Yeonpyeong Island, with an area of 7.01 km2 (2.71 sq mi) and a population of around 1,300.[1]

Yeonpyeongdo
Map of the Yeonpyeong islands and their main population centers
CountrySouth Korea
RegionSudogwon
Provincial levelIncheon
Area
 • Total7.29 km2 (2.81 sq mi)
Population
1,780
Yeonpyeongdo
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationYeonpyeongdo
McCune–ReischauerYŏnp'yŏngdo

The principal population centre is Yeonpyeong-ri, where the island's ferry port is located. The other inhabited island is Soyeonpyeongdo ("Small Yeonpyeong Island") with a small population and an area of 0.24 km2 (0.093 sq mi). Several other small islands comprise the rest of the group.[1]

The island group constitutes Yeonpyeong-myeon, one of the subdivisions of Ongjin County, Incheon, South Korea.

Yeonpyeong Island is known for its crab fishery.[2]


Maritime border disputes


Further information: First Battle of Yeonpyeong, Second Battle of Yeonpyeong, and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong
The disputed maritime border between North and South Korea in the West Sea:[3] .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}  A: United Nations-created Northern Limit Line, 1953[4]   B: North Korea-declared Inter-Korean MDL, 1999[5][note 1] The locations of specific islands are reflected in the configuration of each maritime boundary, including Yeonpyeong IslandBaengnyeong IslandDaecheong Island Other map features4. Jung-gu (Incheon Intl. Airport); 5. Seoul; 6. Incheon; 7. Haeju; 8. Kaesong; 9. Ganghwa County; 10. Bukdo Myeon; 11. Deokjeokdo; 12. Jawol Myeon; 13. Yeongheung Myeon
The disputed maritime border between North and South Korea in the West Sea:[3]
  A: United Nations-created Northern Limit Line, 1953[4]
  B: North Korea-declared "Inter-Korean MDL", 1999[5][note 1]

The locations of specific islands are reflected in the configuration of each maritime boundary, including
  1. Yeonpyeong Island
  2. Baengnyeong Island
  3. Daecheong Island
Other map features
4. Jung-gu (Incheon Intl. Airport); 5. Seoul; 6. Incheon; 7. Haeju; 8. Kaesong; 9. Ganghwa County; 10. Bukdo Myeon; 11. Deokjeokdo; 12. Jawol Myeon; 13. Yeongheung Myeon

Yeonpyeong lies near the Northern Limit Line (NLL) and is only 12 km (7.5 mi) from the North Korean coastline. The 1953 Armistice Agreement which ended the Korean War specified that five island groups, including Yeonpyeong, would remain under South Korean control.[6] North Korea subsequently respected the UN-acknowledged western maritime border for many years until around the mid-1990s.[7]

However, since the 1990s, North Korea has disputed the NLL.[7] The North Korean government claims a border farther south that encompasses valuable fishing grounds (though it skirts around South Korean-held islands such as Yeonpyeong). The claim, nonetheless, is not accepted internationally, because:

  1. DPRK's claim is neither based on International law nor Law of the Sea.
  2. The United Nations Command insisted that the NLL must be maintained until a new maritime MDL could be established through the United Nations Command Military Armistice Commission on the armistice agreement, and the DPRK claim was not established through the UNCMAC.[citation needed]

2010 bombardment


Main article: Bombardment of Yeonpyeong

On November 23, 2010, North Korean artillery shelled Yeonpyeong with dozens of rounds at Yeonpyeong-ri and the surrounding area.[8] This shelling followed a Southern military exercise in the area. The South returned fire with 155 mm (6 in) K-9 self-propelled howitzers.[9] The shelling damaged dozens of houses as well as Southern military infrastructure and set buildings on fire.[10] Two South Korean Marines and two civilians were killed in the shelling, with eighteen others wounded.[11][12][13]

Accounts of the billowing smoke were reported in Korean and international newspapers.[14] Thick columns of black smoke rising from the island were the primary proof that the attack had occurred. South Koreans watching television saw the smoke rising from the island after it was hit.[15][16]

During the bombardment, most of the residents were hiding in a dugout and then escaped to Incheon on a ferry and a fishing boat. Before the bombardment, the number of the residents usually reached about 1400; after the attack, at one time it was down to about 100.[citation needed] It was anticipated[by whom?] that, since the remaining residents were planning to leave as well, the number would keep decreasing. It was also said that there was a relatively high possibility that the island's population would become very scarce. However, in March 2011, 5 months after the bombardment, more than 80% of the residents went back to the island.[citation needed]

In addition, after the attack, there were weapons newly installed to strengthen the security. Because civilians were banned for a time to even enter the island, people[who?] presumed that it would end up becoming a military base. To their surprise, however, it turned out that the number of the residents increased and the residents are now known to be diligently and enthusiastically working in their own fields (such as crab fishery) despite the tragic incident. Shelters and dugouts were newly constructed in order for them to be all able to evacuate in the case of emergencies.[citation needed]


Notes


  1. "Inter-Korean MDL" is cited because it comes from an academic source and the writers were particular enough to include in quotes as presented. The broader point is that the maritime demarcation line here is not a formal extension of the Military Demarcation Line; compare: NLL—Controversial Sea Border Between S.Korea, DPRK.

References


  1. 연평도 (延坪島) (in Korean). Naver Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
  2. Moore, Malcolm; Hutchison, Peter (2010-11-23). "Yeonpyeong Island: A history". Telegraph. London. Retrieved 2010-11-23.
  3. Ryoo, Col. Moo Bong (2009-03-11). "The Korean Armistice and the Islands" (PDF) (Strategy research project at the U.S. Army War College): 13 (PDF: 21). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-03-15. Retrieved 2010-11-26. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. "Factbox: What is the Korean Northern Limit Line?". Reuters. 2010-11-23. Archived from the original on 2018-10-07. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
  5. Van Dyke, Jon; Valencia, Mark; Garmendia, Jenny (2003). "The North/South Korea Boundary Dispute in the Yellow (West) Sea" (PDF). Marine Policy (27): 143–158. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-09.
  6. Armistice Agreement, paragraph 13(b). "Text of the Korean War Armistice Agreement". FindLaw. 1953-07-27. Archived from the original on 2008-07-06. Retrieved 2010-11-25.
  7. "North Korea's reckless attacks cannot be tolerated". Mainichi Shimbun. 2010-11-24. Archived from the original on 2010-11-26.
  8. Hyung-Jin and Kwang-Tae Kim (2010-11-23). "North, South Korea exchange fire; 2 marines killed". Washington Times. Retrieved 2011-12-20.
  9. "합참 "우리 군 대응사격으로 북한 측 피해도 상당할 것"". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-11-23. Retrieved 2010-11-23.
  10. Kim, Kwang-Tae (2010-11-22). "SKorea: NKorea Fires Artillery Onto Island". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2010-11-24. Retrieved 2010-11-22.
  11. "(URGENT) Four S. Korean soldiers wounded by N. Korean artillery fire: military officials". Yonhap News Agency. 2010-11-23. Retrieved 2010-11-22.
  12. Branigan, Tania (2010-11-23). "Artillery fire on Korean border". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2010-11-23.
  13. "Artillery fire on Korean border". BBC Online. BBC. 2010-11-23. Retrieved 2010-11-23.
  14. Si-soo, Park (2010-11-23). "Yeonpyeong turns into inferno". The Korea Times. Retrieved 2019-03-15.
  15. "South Koreans watch news on television showing smoke rising from Yeonpyeong Island after it was hit by dozens of artillery shells fired by North Korea, at Seoul railway station". Salem Radio Network. 2010-11-23. Archived from the original on 2012-07-16. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
  16. Leem, Truth (2010-11-23). "South Koreans watch news on television showing smoke rising from Yeonpyeong Island after it was hit by dozens of artillery shells fired by North Korea, at Seoul railway station". Reuters. Retrieved 2019-03-15.


Media related to Yeonpyeong Island at Wikimedia Commons


На других языках

[de] Yeonpyeong

Yeonpyeong ist eine zu Südkorea gehörende Inselgruppe im Gelben Meer, etwa 80 km westlich der Stadt Incheon und etwa 12 km südlich der nordkoreanischen Provinz Hwanghae-namdo. Hauptinsel ist Daeyeonpyeong mit einer Fläche von 7,01 km² und mehr als 1600 Einwohnern; auch sie wird im Sprachgebrauch als Yeonpyeong bezeichnet. Die zweite bewohnte Insel ist Soyeonpyeong mit einer Fläche von nur 0,24 km².[1]
- [en] Yeonpyeongdo

[es] Yeonpyeong

Yeonpyeong (en coreano: 연평도) es una isla, junto a un grupo de otras pequeñas islas, de Corea del Sur, situada en el Mar Amarillo. Se encuentra a unos 80 km al oeste de Incheon, la ciudad surcoreana peninsular más cercana; y a unos 12 km de la costa de la provincia de Hwanghae del Sur, en Corea del Norte. La isla principal, además del nombre de Yeonpyeong, también recibe el de isla de Daeyeonpyeong. Tiene un área de 7,01 km², y una población de 1.176 habitantes (año 1999). La otra isla habitada es la de Soyeonpyeong, con una reducida población, y un área de 0,24 km².

[fr] Yeonpyeong

Yeonpyeong ou Yeonpyeongdo (hangul : 연평도, hanja : 延坪島, île totalement plane) est un archipel de la Corée du Sud situé en mer Jaune, à 80 km à l'ouest d'Incheon et à 12 km au sud des côtes de la province de Hwanghae du Sud, en Corée du Nord. L'île principale du groupe est Daeyeonpyeong, bien qu'elle soit simplement désignée sous le nom de Yeonpyeong, avec une superficie de 7,01 km2 et une population de 1 176 habitants (1999). La seule autre île habitée de l'archipel est Soyeonpyeong, avec une superficie de 0,24 km2[1].

[it] Yeonpyeong

Yeonpyeong (Hanja: 延坪島, Yeonpyeongdo) è un arcipelago del mar Giallo, appartenente alla Corea del Sud, che si trova approssimativamente ad 80 km ad ovest della città sudcoreana di Incheon ed a 12 km a sud della provincia nordcoreana dello Hwanghae Meridionale. L'isola principale è Daeyeonpyeongdo (Isola grande di Yeonpyeong), spesso colloquialmente indicata semplicemente come Yeonpyeong, con una superficie di 7,01 km² e 1.176 abitanti (1999). Il centro abitato principale è Yeonpyong-ri. La seconda isola abitata è Soyeonpyeongdo (Isola piccola di Yeonpyeong) con una superficie di soli 0,24 km².[1] Completano l'arcipelago diverse altre isole minori.

[ru] Ёнпхёндо

Ёнпхёндо (кор. 연평도) — группа южнокорейских островов в Жёлтом море. Самый крупный из них, Большой Ёнпхёндо, который обычно и имеют в виду говоря о Ёнпхёндо, имеет площадь 7,01 км² и население 1300 человек.


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