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Jacquemart Island, one of the islets surrounding Campbell Island in New Zealand, lies 1 km (1⁄2 nmi) south of Campbell Island and is the southernmost island of New Zealand.

Jacquemart Island

Jacquemart Island in the distance
Jacquemart Island
Geography
Coordinates	52°37′10″S 169°07′33″E
Archipelago	Campbell Island group
Area	19 ha (47 acres)
Length	0.75 km (0.466 mi)
Width	0.5 km (0.31 mi)
Highest elevation	229 m (751 ft)[1]
Administration
New Zealand
Demographics
Population	Uninhabited

The name commemorates Captain J. Jacquemart, of the vessel FRWS Vire, that supported the French 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island.[2]

Geography

Jacquemart Island consists of a stack with an area of 19 ha (47 acres), being about 750 m (2,500 ft) in length by 500 m (1,600 ft) in width and surrounded by precipitous cliffs at least 30 m (100 ft) high at their lowest. Its highest point is about 200 m (650 ft) asl. It is an eroded remnant of basaltic lavas originally laid down on a sedimentary base.

Because of its inaccessibility from the sea, the first visit by humans to the island did not take place until 29 December 1980 when a small party of scientists was landed by helicopter on the summit ridge for a 90-minute survey. Subsequent short visits were made in 1984 and 1997.[3][4]

Flora and fauna

Much of the area of the island above the cliffs is covered with tussock grassland on a substratum of peat undermined with petrel burrows. The environment includes herbfield communities, rock and ledge communities, as well as lichens and cushion plants.[3]

Birds recorded as breeding on Jacquemart include the sooty shearwater, northern giant petrel, grey-backed storm-petrel, light-mantled sooty albatross, brown skua and Campbell shag. Other seabirds which may breed there are common diving-petrel and Cape petrel. New Zealand pipits and common starlings have been seen.[5] A species of cave weta has also been recorded from the island, as well as the Campbell Island leaf-veined slug.[3]

The island is part of the Campbell Island group Important Bird Area (IBA), identified as such by BirdLife International because of its significance as a breeding site for several species of seabirds as well as the endemic Campbell teal and Campbell snipe.[6]

Campbell snipe

Until the Campbell Islands were cleared of introduced rats in 2001, Jacquemart was also the last refuge of the Campbell snipe, a subspecies of Subantarctic snipe first discovered in 1997 and described in 2009. After the eradication of rats the snipe began to recolonise the rest of the group, with a small breeding population discovered in 2005 on southern Campbell Island opposite Jacquemart.[4][7]

See also

References

External links

• Map of Campbell Island with several surrounding islets, including Jacquemart Island lying south of the main island and Dent island lying northwest of the main island

На других языках

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[de] Jacquemart Island

Jacquemart Island ist eine der Campbell-Inseln, einer Gruppe kleiner subantarktischer Inseln vor der zu Neuseeland gehörenden Insel Campbell Island im südlichen Pazifischen Ozean.

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- [en] Jacquemart Island

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[fr] Île Jacquemart

L’île Jacquemart est le nom d'un des îlots des îles Campbell. Elle est située à 52°37′S, 169°7.5′E et généralement considérée comme l'île la plus australe de Nouvelle-Zélande. En fait, ce serait le cas de l'îlot anonyme à 50 m au Sud de l'île Jacquemart.

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[it] Isola Jacquemart

L'isola Jacquemart è uno degli isolotti che circondano l'isola Campbell, dalla quale dista circa 1 km a sud, il che la rende in assoluto l'isola più australe di tutta la Nuova Zelanda, se non si considerano i territori da essa rivendicati in Antartide.

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[ru] Жакмар (остров)

Жакмар (англ. Jacquemart Island) — необитаемый островок, расположенный в километре от основного острова архипелага Кэмпбелл (Новая Зеландия). Является крайней южной точкой Новой Зеландии[en] (52°37′11″ ю. ш. 169°07′35″ в. д.HGЯO). Фактически представляет собой кекур.

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