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The Gymnesians (Catalan: Illes Gimnèsies [ʒimˈnɛziəs], Spanish: Gimnesias [ximˈnesjas]), or Gymnesic Islands (Catalan: Illes Gimnèsiques),[1] is a collective name given to the two largest (and easternmost) Balearic Islands, Mallorca and Menorca, distinguishing them from the Pityuses (Catalan: Illes Pitiüses; Spanish: Pitiusas), or Pine Islands, Ibiza and Formentera.

Etymology

The word Gymnesian (from the Greek: γυμνήτες gymnetes) means "naked". The Greeks called the islands Gymnesiae (Ancient Greek: Γυμνήσιαι). According to Diodorus Siculus the Greeks called the islands like this because the inhabitants were naked during the summer time.[2] The Ancient Greeks recruited the local inhabitants of these islands, the Talaiotics, as slingers. According to some researchers, this does not mean that they fought naked, but that they used much lighter armament than the hoplites.

Name usage

Later the Phoenicians referred to both Mallorca and Menorca as the Baliarides. After the whole archipelago (the Pityuses and Gymnesians) came under Roman rule, the islands gained the overall Latin name Insulae Baliares or Baleares Insulae; the collective concept has continued in use in modern languages, hence ultimately the English name "Balearic Islands".

References

• Strabo Geography Book III, Chapter 2
• Belenguer, E. Història de les illes Balears. Barcelona: Edicions 62, 2004. 525 p. ISBN 84-297-5506-3 (volume I)

На других языках

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[de] Gymnesische Inseln

Die Gymnesischen Inseln oder auch Gymnesianen (katalanisch: Illes Gimnèsies [ʒimˈnɛziəs] oder Illes Gimnèsiques; spanisch: Islas Gimnesias [ximˈne̞siäs]) sind eine Inselgruppe der Balearen, bestehend aus Mallorca, Menorca und Cabrera sowie zahlreichen kleineren und unbewohnten Felseninseln. Dauerhaft bewohnt sind nur die Inseln Mallorca, Menorca und Cabrera.

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- [en] Gymnesian Islands

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[es] Islas Gimnesias

Las islas Gimnesias (en griego antiguo Gymnēsiai) es el nombre dado por los antiguos griegos a las dos islas mayores de las Baleares (España): Mallorca y Menorca; habitadas entonces por el pueblo talayótico. Los griegos distinguían así estas islas de las Pitiusas (Ibiza y Formentera).

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[fr] Gymésies

Les Gymésies ou îles Gymésies (le terme de Gymnésies est le plus répandu[1]) sont un groupe d’îles espagnoles appartenant à l’ensemble plus vaste de l’archipel des îles Baléares en mer Méditerranée. Il regroupe principalement les îles de Majorque (avec Cabrera et Sa Conillera) et de Minorque ainsi que les îlots de Isla del Aire (es), Es Vedrà, Es Vedranell et Sa Dragonera.

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